Robot

ABSTRACT

A robot includes a first arm, a second arm, a third arm, a distal end, a first actuator, a second actuator, a third actuator, and a plurality of posture adjustment actuators. The first arm, the second arm, the third arm, and the distal end are coupled in series to each other. The first actuator is configured to swing the first arm about a first axis line. The second actuator is disposed on a side on which the first actuator is disposed in a direction along the first axis line. The second actuator is configured to swing the second arm about a second axis line parallel to the first axis line. The third actuator is configured to swing the third arm about a third axis line parallel to the first axis line. The plurality of posture adjustment actuators are configured to adjust a posture of the distal end.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-040613, filed Mar. 2, 2015. The contents of this application are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Field of the Invention

The embodiments disclosed herein relate to a robot.

2. Discussion of the Background

Japanese Patent No. 5145901 discloses a seven-joint robot that includes a turnable portion, a lower arm, an elbow, an upper arm, and a wrist. The turnable portion is supported on a base. The lower arm, the elbow, the upper arm, and the wrist are coupled to the turnable portion. The wrist has a three-axis configuration.

SUMMARY

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a robot includes a first arm, a second aim, a third arm, a distal end, a first actuator, a second actuator, a third actuator, and a plurality of posture adjustment actuators. The second arm is coupled in series to the first arm. The third arm is coupled in series to the second arm. The distal end is coupled in series to the third arm. The first actuator is configured to swing the first arm about a first axis line. The second actuator is disposed on a side on which the first actuator is disposed in a direction along the first axis line. The second actuator is configured to swing the second arm about a second axis line parallel to the first axis line. The third actuator is configured to swing the third arm about a third axis line parallel to the first axis line. The plurality of posture adjustment actuators are configured to adjust a posture of the distal end.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A more complete appreciation of the present disclosure and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a robot system;

FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the robot system illustrated in FIG. 1 with cables omitted;

FIG. 3 is another perspective view of the robot system, seen from another direction;

FIG. 4 is still another perspective view of the robot system, seen from still another direction;

FIG. 5 illustrates a movable range of a robot; and

FIG. 6 illustrates a width of the robot.

DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

The embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding or identical elements throughout the various drawings.

Robot System

As illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, a robot system 1 includes a robot 2, a robot controller 100, a welding controller 200, and cables C1 and C2. The robot 2 is a multi-articular robot and includes a welder 90 at a distal end 80 of the robot 2. The robot controller 100 controls the robot 2 to place the welder 90 at a to-be-welded portion of a workpiece W. The welding controller 200 controls the welder 90 upon placement of the welder 90 at the to-be-welded portion. The robot controller 100 is coupled to the robot 2 through the cable C1, and the welding controller 200 is coupled to the robot 2 through the cable C2.

Robot

As illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, the robot 2 includes a base 10, a turnable portion 20, a first atm 30, a second arm 40, a third arm 50, a distal-end swingable portion 70, a distal end 80, the welder 90, actuators M1 to M7, and cables C3 to C5.

The base 10 is disposed in the vicinity of the position where the workpiece W, which is subjected to work, is placed (the position of the workpiece W). The base 10 is fixed to a floor surface. The base 10 includes a terminal 11 to accept the cables C1 and C2. The terminal 11 is disposed on the rear surface of the base 10 (which is opposite to the position of the workpiece W).

The turnable portion 20 is disposed on the base 10 and turnable about a vertical axis line Ax1. The turnable portion 20 includes a base plate 21 and a connection portion 22. The base plate 21 is mounted on top of the base 10 and turnable about the axis line Ax1 The base plate 21 has a form of a horizontal plate with an opening 21 a at a center portion for wiring use. The connection portion 22 is disposed at a position displaced from the axis line Ax1 and protrudes perpendicularly from the upper surface of the base plate 21. In the following description, the terms “front”, “rear”, “left”, and “right” will refer to directions that are based on the axis line Ax1 and that are under the assumption that the connection portion 22 is on the front side.

The connection portion 22 is coupled to the base end of the first arm 30. The first arm 30 is swingable about a horizontal axis line Ax2 (first axis line). The axis line Ax2 passes through the connection portion 22. The base end of the first arm 30 is mounted on one side of the connection portion 22 in a direction along the axis line Ax2, and is turnable about the axis line Ax2. In FIGS. 1 to 4, the one side in the direction along the axis line Ax2 corresponds to the right side of the robot 2, and the other side in the direction along the axis line Ax2 corresponds to the left side of the robot 2. While the arrangement of the connection portion 22 and the first arm 30 will not be limited to the arrangement illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, the following description will be based on the arrangement illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4, that is, the one side corresponds to the right side of the robot 2 and the other side corresponds to the left side of the robot 2.

The distal end of the first arm 30 is coupled to the base end of the second arm 40. The second arm 40 is swingable about an axis line Ax3 (second axis line). The axis line Ax3 is parallel to the axis line Ax2. In a non-limiting embodiment, the base end of the second arm 40 is mounted on the left side of the distal end of the first arm 30, and is turnable about the axis line Ax3.

The second arm 40 has a crank shape that is bent at the portion where the first arm 30 and the second arm 40 are coupled to each other so as to circumvent the first arm 30. Specifically, the second arm 40 is bent at its base end to the left side relative to the distal end of the second arm 40, with the base end superposed on the left side of the first arm 30. In other words, the second arm 40 is bent at its distal end to the right side relative to the base end of the second arm 40. This configuration eliminates or minimizes the difference in level between the right side surface, 30 a, of the first arm 30 and the right side surface, 40 a, of the second arm 40. In a non-limiting embodiment, the right side surfaces 30 a and 40 a are flush with each other.

The distal end of the second arm 40 is coupled to the base end of the third arm 50. The third arm 50 is swingable about an axis line Ax4 (third axis line). The axis line Ax4 is parallel to the axis line Ax3. In a non-limiting embodiment, the third arm 50 includes a connection portion 51, a base plate 52, a turnable link 53, a cover 54, and a cable guide 55. The connection portion 51 serves as the base end of the third arm 50. The connection portion 51 is mounted on the left side of the distal end of the second arm 40 and turnable about the axis line Ax4.

The base plate 52 abuts on the connection portion 51 and has a plate shape with a longitudinal length along the axis line Ax4.

The turnable link 53 is mounted on one surface of the base plate 52 and turnable about an axis line Ax5. The axis line Ax5 is orthogonal to the axis line Ax4. The axis line Ax5 is orthogonal to the base plate 52, and the turnable link 53 has a longitudinal shape centered around the axis line Ax5. At the distal end of the turnable link 53, a connection portion 62 is disposed along the axis line Ax5.

At a left side portion of the base plate 52, a plurality of junction connectors 61 are disposed. The plurality of junction connectors 61 are used for wiring for the welder 90, described later.

The cover 54 includes a surrounding wall 63 and an introduction portion 64 (see FIG. 4). The surrounding wall 63 has a hollow cylindrical shape that surrounds the turnable link 53. In a non-limiting embodiment, the surrounding wall 63 is mounted on the base plate 52 and accommodates a part of the cable C5. The introduction portion 64 is disposed on the outer circumference of the surrounding wall 63 at its base end (the base plate 52 side), and opens to one side (for example, left side) of the turnable link 53.

The cable guide 55 is disposed on one side of outer circumference of the base plate 52 opposite to the side on which the connection portion 51 is disposed. The cable guide 55 is fixed to the base plate 52. The cable guide 55 has a ring shape surrounding a line that is along the axis line Ax4 to allow the cables C3 and C4, described later, to pass through the cable guide 55.

The connection portion 62 of the turnable link 53 is coupled to the base end of the distal-end swingable portion 70. The distal-end swingable portion 70 is swingable about an axis line Ax6. The axis line Ax6 is orthogonal to the axis line Ax5. The distal-end swingable portion 70 includes a base plate 71, connection portions 72A and 72B, and a cable guide 73.

The base plate 71 serves as the distal end of the distal-end swingable portion 70. The connection portions 72A and 72B are disposed on edges of the base plate 71 and protrude perpendicularly from one surface of the base plate 71 to serve as the base end of the distal-end swingable portion 70. The connection portions 72A and 72B are opposed to each other across a center portion of the base plate 71. The connection portions 72A and 72B hold the connection portion 62 between the connection portions 72A and 72B in a direction along the axis line Ax6, are mounted on the connection portion 62, and are turnable about the axis line Ax6.

The cable guide 73 is fixed to the outer surface of any of the connection portions 72A and 72B (a surface opposite to the side on which the connection portion 62 is disposed). The cable guide 73 has a ring shape surrounding a line perpendicular to the base plate 71, and allows the cable C5, described later, to pass through the cable guide 73.

The base plate 71 is coupled to the distal end 80. The distal end 80 is mounted on the other surface of the base plate 71 opposite to the surface on which the connection portions 72A and 72B are mounted. The distal end 80 is turnable about an axis line Ax7. The axis line Ax7 is orthogonal to the axis line Ax6. The axis line Ax7 is also orthogonal to the base plate 71, and the distal end 80 has a solid cylindrical shape centered around the axis line Ax7. The distal end 80 has a guide hole 80 a. The guide hole 80 a penetrates through the distal end 80 in a direction orthogonal to the axis line Ax7. The guide hole 80 a allows the cable C5, described later, to pass through the guide hole 80 a.

A non-limiting example of the welder 90 is a spot welding gun that includes electrodes 91A and 91B. The electrodes 91A and 91B are opposed to each other. The welder 90 is mounted on the distal end 80. In a non-limiting embodiment, the welder 90 is detachably mounted on one side of the distal end 80 opposite to the side on which the distal-end swingable portion 70 is disposed. It is noted that the detachability of the welder 90 relative to the distal end 80 is not essential. Another possible embodiment is that the welder 90 is integral to the distal end 80.

In the embodiment described hereinbefore, the first arm 30, the second arm 40, the third arm 50, and the distal end 80 of the robot 2 are coupled in series to each other. As used herein, the term “coupled” encompasses a connection by way of some other member (for example, the distal-end swingable portion 70).

In this embodiment, the actuators M1 to M7 are each made up of a motor, a reducer, and a brake.

The actuator M1 is fixed to the base plate 21 of the turnable portion 20, and causes the turnable portion 20 to turn about the axis line Ax1 in response to supply of electric power. The fixation of the actuator means fixation of the body of the actuator (which is the portion to which the energy supply cable is coupled). This applies to the following description.

The actuator M2 (first actuator) causes the first arm 30 to swing about the axis line Ax2 in response to supply of electric power. The actuator M3 (second actuator) causes the second arm 40 to swing about the axis line Ax3 in response to supply of electric power. The actuators M2 and M3 are disposed on the same side in the direction along the axis line Ax2. In a non-limiting embodiment, the actuator M2 is disposed on the left side of the connection portion 22 and fixed to the connection portion 22. The actuator M3 is disposed on the left side of the base end of the second arm 40 and fixed to the second arm 40.

The actuator M4 (third actuator) causes the third arm 50 to swing about the axis line Ax4 in response to supply of electric power. The actuator M4 is disposed on the side on which the actuators M2 and M3 are disposed in the direction along the axis line Ax2. In a non-limiting embodiment, the actuator M4 is disposed on the left side of the connection portion 51 and fixed to the connection portion 51.

The actuators M5 to M7 are fixed to the other surface of the base plate 52 opposite to the one surface on which the turnable link 53 is mounted. The actuator M5 causes the turnable link 53 to turn about the axis line Ax5 in response to supply of electric power. The actuator M6 causes the distal-end swingable portion 70 to swing about the axis line Ax6 in response to supply of electric power. The actuator M6 transfers motive power to the distal-end swingable portion 70 through a transfer mechanism made up of a drive shaft, gears, and other elements. The transfer mechanism is built in the turnable link 53. The actuator M7 causes the distal end 80 to turn about the axis line Ax1 in response to supply of electric power. The actuator M7 transfers motive power to the distal end 80 through a transfer mechanism made up of a drive shaft, gears, and other elements. The transfer mechanism is built in the turnable link 53 and the distal-end swingable portion 70.

The actuators M5 to M7 cooperate with each other to freely adjust the posture of the distal end 80. That is, the actuators M5 to M7 are examples of the plurality of posture adjustment actuators to adjust the posture of the distal end 80.

The cable C3 (first cable) is a cable harness made up of a bundle of a plurality of cables C31 to C37 covered with a sheath CS3. In this embodiment, the plurality of cables C31 to C37 are each made up of a plurality of power supply lines and a plurality of signal lines.

The cable C31 transfers energy (for example, drive power and electrical signals) between the robot controller 100 and the actuator M1. The cable C32 transfers energy (for example, drive power and electrical signals) between the robot controller 100 and the actuator M2. The cable C33 transfers energy (for example, drive power and electrical signals) between the robot controller 100 and the actuator M3. The cable C34 transfers energy (for example, drive power and electrical signals) between the robot controller 100 and the actuator M4. The cable C35 transfers energy (for example, drive power and electrical signals) between the robot controller 100 and the actuator M5. The cable C36 transfers energy (for example, drive power and electrical signals) between the robot controller 100 and the actuator M6. The cable C37 transfers energy (for example, drive power and electrical signals) between the robot controller 100 and the actuator M7.

One end of the cable C3 is coupled to the cable C1 through the terminal 11. The cable C3 is disposed on the side opposite to the side on which the actuators M2 and M3 are disposed in the direction along the axis line Ax2. In a non-limiting embodiment, the cable C3 is extended out through the opening 21 a onto the base plate 21 and is wired on the rear side of the base plate 21 and then on the right side the first arm 30 and the second arm 40. Then, the cable C3 is wired through the cable guide 55 to the left side of the third arm 50. That is, in the wiring path between the first arm 30 and the second arm 40, the cable C3 is wired on the side opposite to the side on which the actuators M2 and M3 are disposed.

The cable C3 is fixed to a right side portion of the base plate 21 with a cable clamp CC1, is fixed to the right side surface 30 a of the first arm 30 with a cable clamp CC2, is fixed to the right side surface 40 a of the second arm 40 with cable clamps CC3 and CC4, and is fixed to a right side portion of the base plate 52 with a cable clamp CC5. In a non-limiting embodiment, the cable clamps CC1 to CC5 are made of metal. With the cable C3 held in the cable clamps CC1 to CC5, each cable clamp is fixed to a portion of the robot 2 with a bolt or a similar element. The cable clamps CC3 and CC4 are aligned in the longitudinal direction of the second arm 40 (that is, in the direction from the base end to the distal end of the second arm 40).

The cables C31 and C32 (which are branch lines) are branched from the other cables C33, C34, C35, C36, and C37 (main line C30) between the opening 21 a and the cable clamp CC1, and are respectively coupled to the actuators M1 and M2.

The cable C33 (branch line) is branched from the other cables C34, C35, C36, and C37 (main line C30) between cable clamps CC33 and CC34, and is coupled to the actuator M3. The cable C33 branched from the main line C30 is wired on the rear surface 40 c of the second arm 40 (which is the side opposite to the position of the workpiece W) to the left side surface 40 b of the second arm 40.

The cable C33 branched from the main line C30 is wired along a guide member CB1 to the actuator M3. A non-limiting example of the guide member CB1 is a metal bracket. The guide member CB1 extends to the right and to the left at a position opposed to the rear surface 40 c. The guide member CB1 is bent forward at its right end and fixed to the right side surface 40 a. The guide member CB1 is bent forward at its left end and fixed to the left side surface 40 b. The cable C33 is covered with the sheath CS33 at least over the portion along the guide member CB1. The portion of the cable C33 along the guide member CB1 is fixed to the guide member CB1 with cable clamps CC6 to CC8. A non-limiting example of each of the cable clamps CC6 to CC8 is a resin binding band, and each cable clamp is placed over the sheath CS33 to bind the cable C33 to the guide member CB1. The cable clamps CC6 to CC8 are aligned along the guide member CB1, and at least one cable clamp among the cable clamps CC6 to CC8 (for example, cable clamp CC8) is disposed at the left end of the guide member CB1.

Since the cable C33 is guided along the guide member CB1, the cable C33 is prevented from becoming loose toward outside. This stabilizes the wiring path between the main line C30 and the actuator M3. Since at least one cable clamp among the cable clamps CC6 to CC8 is disposed at the left end of the guide member CB1, the cable C33 wired to the actuator M3 is guided along the left side surface 40 b. Thus, the wiring path to the actuator M3 is kept to the left side surface 40 b. This configuration further prevents outward looseness of the cable 33.

The cable C3 now wired to the left side of the third arm 50 through the cable guide 55 separates into the cables C34, C35, C36, and C37. The cables C34, C35, C36, and C37 are respectively coupled to the actuators M4, M5, M6, and M7.

The cable C4 (second cable) is a cable harness made up of a bundle of a plurality of cables C41 and C42 covered with a sheath CS4. In this embodiment, the cables C41 and C42 are electric wires to transfer energy (for example, welding power) from the welding controller 200. This, however, should not be construed in a limiting sense. Another possible embodiment is that the cables C41 and C42 are hoses to transfer a fluid for cooling purposes.

One end of the cable C4 is coupled to the cable C2 through the terminal 11. Similarly to the cable C3, the cable C4 is wired on the side opposite to the side on which the actuators M2 and M3 are disposed in the direction along the axis line Ax2. In a non-limiting embodiment, together with the cable 3, the cable C4 is extended out through the opening 21 a onto the base plate 21 and is wired on the rear side of the base plate 21 and then on the right side the first arm 30 and the second arm 40. Then, the cable C3 is wired through the cable guide 55 to the left side of the third arm 50. That is, in the wiring path between the first arm 30 and the second arm 40, the cable C4 is wired on the side opposite to the side on which the actuators M2 and M3 are disposed.

Together with the cable C3, the cable C4 is fixed to the right side portion of the base plate 21 with the cable clamp CC1, is fixed to the right side surface 30 a of the first arm 30 with the cable clamp CC2, is fixed to the right side surface 40 a of the second arm 40 with the cable clamps CC3 and CC4, and is fixed to the right side portion of the base plate 52 with the cable clamp CC5.

The cable C4 now wired to the left side of the third arm 50 through the cable guide 55 separates into the cables C41 and C42. The cables C41 and C42 are respectively coupled to the plurality of junction connectors 61 on the side opposite to the side on which the turnable link 53 is disposed.

The cable C5 (second cable) is a cable harness made up of a bundle of a plurality of cables C51 and C52 covered with a sheath CS5. In this embodiment, the cables C51 and C52 are similar in kind to the cables C41 and C42. The cable C51 couples one end of the cable C41, which is coupled to one junction connector 61, to the welder 90. The cable C52 couples one end of the cable C42, which is coupled to the other junction connector 61, to the welder 90.

At one end of the cable C5, the cables C51 and C52 are respectively coupled to the junction connectors 61 on the side of the turnable link 53. Thus, the cables C51 and C52 are respectively coupled to the cables C41 and C42 through the junction connectors 61.

The cable C5 is wired through the introduction portion 64, the surrounding wall 63, the cable guide 73, and the guide hole 80 a to the vicinity of the welder 90. From the surrounding wall 63 on, the cable C5 is wired on the outer surface of the turnable link 53 with enough allowance (looseness) to follow the turning of the turnable link 53. The cable C5 through the guide hole 80 a separates into the cables C51 and C52. The cables C51 and C52 are coupled to the welder 90.

Advantageous Effects of the Embodiment

As has been described hereinbefore, the robot 2 includes the first arm 30, the second arm 40, the third arm 50, the distal end 80, the actuator M2, the actuator M3, the actuator M4, and the plurality of the actuators M5 to M7. The first arm 30, the second arm 40, the third arm 50, and the distal end 80 are coupled in series to each other. The actuator M2 swings the first arm 30 about the axis line Ax2. The actuator M3 swings the second arm 40 about the axis line Ax3, which is parallel to the axis line Ax2. The actuator M4 swings the third arm 50 about the axis line Ax4, which is parallel to the axis line Ax2. The plurality of the actuators M5 to M7 adjust the posture of the distal end 80. The actuators M2 and M3 are disposed on the same side in the direction along the axis line Ax2.

Since the robot 2 includes the second arm 40 in addition to the first arm 30 and the third aim 50, the movable range of the welder 90 increases. The double-dashed lines illustrated in FIG. 5 indicate a comparative example in which the second arm 40 is integral to the first arm 30 and unable to swing about the axis line Ax3. In the comparative example, due to the limit that the third arm 50 has in moving about the axis line Ax4, the welder 90 cannot move further downward from where the welder 90 is illustrated by the double-dashed lines. Contrarily, the robot 2 according to the embodiment allows the second arm 40 to turn about the axis line Ax3 and thus enables the welder 90 to move further downward.

Since the axis line Ax3 is parallel to the axis line Ax2, the robot 2 does not tilt to the right or left even though the second arm 40 swings about the axis line Ax3. This configuration ensures diminished gaps between the robot 2 and surrounding machines, apparatuses, and/or devices.

Since the actuators M2 and M3 are disposed on the same side in the direction along the axis line Ax2, the width of the robot 2 (width in the direction along the axis line Ax2) is decreased at least over the portion between the first arm 30 and the second arm 40. The double-dashed line illustrated in FIG. 6 indicates a comparative example in which the actuator M3 is disposed on the side opposite to the side on which the actuator M2 is disposed in the direction along the axis line Ax2. In the comparative example, the actuators M2 and M3 respectively protrude to the right and the left. This configuration increases the width of the robot 2. Contrarily, in the robot 2 according to the embodiment, the actuators M2 and M3 are disposed on the same side in the direction along the axis line Ax2. This configuration decreases the width of the robot 2 as compared with the comparative example in which the actuators M2 and M3 are disposed on opposite sides. Thus, the configuration of the embodiment ensures diminished gaps between the robot 2 and surrounding machines, apparatuses, and/or devices.

The actuator M4 is disposed on the side on which the actuators M2 and M3 are disposed in the direction along the axis line Ax2. This configuration decreases the width of the robot 2 at least over the portion between the first arm 30 and the third arm 50. This further diminishes gaps between the robot 2 and surrounding machines, apparatuses, and/or devices.

The robot 2 further includes the cable C3. The cable C3 is wired on the side opposite to the side on which the actuators M2 and M3 are disposed in the direction along the axis line Ax2 so as to transfer energy to the actuators M3 to M7. This configuration eliminates or minimizes the need for meandering of the cable C3 in an attempt to circumvent the actuators M2 and M3, and thus facilitates the wiring of the cable C3. Eliminating or minimizing the meandering of the cable C3 also eliminates or minimizes interference between the cable C3 and surrounding machines, apparatuses, and/or devices. This further diminishes gaps between the robot 2 and the surrounding machines, apparatuses, and/or devices.

The cable C3 includes the main line C30 and the cable C33 (branch line). The main line C30 is wired on the side opposite to the side on which the actuators M2 and M3 are disposed in the direction along the axis line Ax2. The cable C33 is branched from the main line C30 and wired to the actuator M3. This configuration ensures that even if the connection terminal of the actuator M3 is located on the side opposite to the side of the main line C30, the cable C33 is wired to the connection terminal without meandering of the main line C30. This further facilitates the wiring of the cable C3.

The robot 2 further includes two cable clamps CC3 and CC4. The cable clamps CC3 and CC4 hold the cable C3 and are disposed on the first arm 30 or the second arm 40 to which the actuator M3 is fixed. The cable C33 is branched from the main line C30 between the two cable clamps CC3 and CC4. In this configuration, the actuator M3 and the branching position of the cable C33 branched from the main line C30 are fixed to the same arm. This enhances the durability of the branching position of the cable C33.

In this embodiment, the actuator M3 and the cable clamps CC3 and CC4 are fixed to the second arm 40. This, however, should not be construed in a limiting sense. Another possible embodiment is that the actuator M3 and the cable clamps CC3 and CC4 are fixed to the first arm 30.

The first arm 30 is coupled to the base 10, which is disposed in the vicinity of the position of the workpiece W. The cable C33 is wired on the side opposite to the position of the workpiece W. This configuration eliminates or minimizes interference between the elements of the robot 2 and the cable C33 at the time when the distal end 80 of the robot 2 is arranged at the workpiece W. This further enhances the durability of the branching position of the cable C33.

One arm among the first arm 30 and the second arm 40 has a crank shape that is bent at the portion where the first arm 30 and the second arm 40 are coupled to each other so as to circumvent the other arm. The actuator M3 is fixed to the one arm. The configuration in which one arm is bent in the form of a crank eliminates or minimizes the difference in level between the side surface (right side surface 30 a) of the first arm 30 and the side surface (right side surface 40 a) of the second arm 40 on the side opposite to the side on which the actuators M2 and M3 are disposed. This makes the cable C3 more readily arranged along the first arm 30 and the second arm 40, and thus further facilitates the wiring of the first cable.

In this embodiment, the right side surface 30 a and the right side surface 40 a are flush with each other. This configuration makes the cable C3 even more readily arranged along the first arm 30 and the second arm 40, and further facilitates the wiring of the first cable.

In this embodiment, the second arm 40 has a crank shape that is bent at the portion where the first arm 30 and the second arm 40 are coupled to each other so as to circumvent the first arm 30, and the actuator M3 is fixed to the second arm 40. Around the base end of the first arm 30, cables and wires to the elements of the robot 2 are concentrated. In view of this situation, the second arm 40 has a crank shape, and this leads to a simplified shape of the first arm 30, resulting in more room around the base end of the first arm 30. This configuration further facilitates the wiring of the cable C3.

It is noted that the second arm 40 being bent in a crank shape is not essential. Another possible embodiment is that the first arm 30 has a crank shape that is bent at the portion where the first arm 30 and the second arm 40 are coupled to each other so as to circumvent the second arm 40, and that the actuator M3 is fixed to the first arm 30.

The robot 2 further includes the welder 90 and the cables C4 and C5. The welder 90 is disposed on the distal end 80. The cables C4 and C5 are coupled to the welder 90. The cables C4 and C5 are wired on the side opposite to the side on which the actuators M2 and M3 are disposed. This configuration facilitates the wiring of the cables C4 and C5, as well as the wiring of the cable C3. It is noted that the cables C4 and C5, which are coupled to the welder 90, may be more difficult to bend than the cable C3. In this case, the facilitated wiring of the wires and cables would be found more advantageous.

The second cable, which is coupled to the welder 90, separates into the cables C4 and C5 at the junction connectors 61. This configuration ensures that the wiring work of the cable C4 from the base 10 to the base plate 52 and the wiring work of the cable C5 from the base plate 52 to the welder 90 can be performed independently of each other. This further facilitates the wiring of the second cable.

The above-described embodiment should not be construed in a limiting sense. Specifically, while in the above-described embodiment the robot 2 includes three actuators M5 to M7 to adjust the posture of the distal end 80, this should not be construed in a limiting sense. It is possible to conveniently change the arrangement and the number of the actuators M5 to M7 in accordance with postures required of the distal end 80.

The welder 90 at the distal end 80 will not be limited to a spot welding gun. Another possible example is a welding torch for arc welding. In this case, the cable C4 may include a cable to advance a welding material. In another possible embodiment, an end effector other than the welder 90 (for example, a robot hand) is mounted on the distal end 80. In this case, the cable C4 may include a cable to transfer drive energy to the end effector.

Obviously, numerous modifications and variations of the present disclosure are possible in light of the above teachings It is therefore to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims, the present disclosure may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described herein. 

What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent of the United States is:
 1. A robot comprising: a first arm; a second arm coupled in series to the first arm; a third arm coupled in series to the second arm; a distal end coupled in series to the third arm; a first actuator configured to swing the first arm about a first axis line; a second actuator disposed on a side on which the first actuator is disposed in a direction along the first axis line, the second actuator being configured to swing the second arm about a second axis line parallel to the first axis line; a third actuator configured to swing the third arm about a third axis line parallel to the first axis line; and a plurality of posture adjustment actuators configured to adjust a posture of the distal end.
 2. The robot according to claim 1, wherein the third actuator is disposed on the side on which the first actuator and the second actuator are disposed in the direction along the first axis line.
 3. The robot according to claim 1, further comprising a first cable disposed on a side opposite to the side on which the first actuator and the second actuator are disposed in the direction along the first axis line so as to transmit energy to the second actuator, the third actuator, and the plurality of posture adjustment actuators.
 4. The robot according to claim 3, wherein the first cable comprises a main line disposed on the side opposite to the side on which the first actuator and the second actuator are disposed in the direction along the first axis line, and a branch line branched from the main line and coupled to the second actuator.
 5. The robot according to claim 4, further comprising two cable clamps disposed on one arm among the first arm and the second arm on which the second actuator is fixed so as to hold the first cable, wherein the branch line is branched from the main line between the two cable clamps.
 6. The robot according to claim 4, wherein the first arm is coupled to a base disposed around a position of a workpiece, and the branch line is disposed on a side opposite to the position of the workpiece.
 7. The robot according to claim 3, wherein at least one arm among the first arm and the second arm comprises a crank shape that is bent at a portion where the first arm and the second arm are coupled to each other so as to circumvent another arm among the first arm and the second arm, and wherein the second actuator is fixed to the one arm.
 8. The robot according to claim 7, wherein the second arm comprises a crank shape that is bent at a portion where the first arm and the second arm are coupled to each other so as to circumvent the first arm, and wherein the second actuator is fixed to the second arm.
 9. The robot according to claim 3, further comprising: a welder disposed on the distal end; and a second cable coupled to the welder, wherein the second cable is disposed on the side opposite to the side on which the first actuator and the second actuator are disposed.
 10. The robot according to claim 2, further comprising a first cable disposed on a side opposite to the side on which the first actuator and the second actuator are disposed in the direction along the first axis line so as to transmit energy to the second actuator, the third actuator, and the plurality of posture adjustment actuators.
 11. The robot according to claim 10, wherein the first cable comprises a main line disposed on the side opposite to the side on which the first actuator and the second actuator are disposed in the direction along the first axis line, and a branch line branched from the main line and coupled to the second actuator.
 12. The robot according to claim 11, further comprising two cable clamps disposed on one arm among the first arm and the second arm on which the second actuator is fixed so as to hold the first cable, wherein the branch line is branched from the main line between the two cable clamps.
 13. The robot according to claim 5, wherein the first arm is coupled to a base disposed around a position of a workpiece, and the branch line is disposed on a side opposite to the position of the workpiece.
 14. The robot according to claim 11, wherein the first arm is coupled to a base disposed around a position of a workpiece, and the branch line is disposed on a side opposite to the position of the workpiece.
 15. The robot according to claim 12, wherein the first arm is coupled to a base disposed around a position of a workpiece, and the branch line is disposed on a side opposite to the position of the workpiece.
 16. The robot according to claim 4, wherein at least one arm among the first arm and the second arm comprises a crank shape that is bent at a portion where the first arm and the second arm are coupled to each other so as to circumvent another arm among the first arm and the second arm, and wherein the second actuator is fixed to the one arm.
 17. The robot according to claim 5, wherein at least one arm among the first arm and the second arm comprises a crank shape that is bent at a portion where the first arm and the second arm are coupled to each other so as to circumvent another arm among the first arm and the second arm, and wherein the second actuator is fixed to the one arm.
 18. The robot according to claim 6, wherein at least one arm among the first arm and the second arm comprises a crank shape that is bent at a portion where the first arm and the second arm are coupled to each other so as to circumvent another arm among the first arm and the second arm, and wherein the second actuator is fixed to the one arm.
 19. The robot according to claim 11, wherein at least one arm among the first arm and the second arm comprises a crank shape that is bent at a portion where the first arm and the second arm are coupled to each other so as to circumvent another arm among the first arm and the second arm, and wherein the second actuator is fixed to the one arm.
 20. The robot according to claim 12, wherein at least one arm among the first arm and the second arm comprises a crank shape that is bent at a portion where the first arm and the second arm are coupled to each other so as to circumvent another arm among the first arm and the second arm, and wherein the second actuator is fixed to the one arm. 